![]() Before the csrss.exe process exists, no Win32 processes may be created, therefore the process that creates it (Smss.exe, the "session manager") must use the native subsystem. An obvious but important example is the creation of the Win32 subsystem process, csrss.exe. Īpplications that are linked directly against this library are said to use the native subsystem the primary reason for their existence is to perform tasks that must run early in the system startup sequence before the Win32 subsystem is available. The large majority of Windows applications do not call NTDLL.DLL directly. Native APIs are also used to implement many of the "kernel APIs" or "base APIs" exported by KERNE元2.DLL. Most of this API is implemented in NTDLL.DLL and at the upper edge of ntoskrnl.exe (and its variants), and the majority of exported symbols within these libraries are prefixed Nt, for example NtDisplayString. The Native API is the interface used by user-mode components of the operating system that must run without support from Win32 or other API subsystems. NTDLL.DLL exports the Windows Native API. HAL is merged (or statically linked) into ntoskrnl.exe starting with version 2004 of Windows 10, and the dll only serves as a stub for backwards compatibility. On Windows 8 and later, the x86 version also only has one HAL. (The multiple cores of a multi-core CPU, and even the "logical processors" implemented by a hyperthreading CPU, all count as "processors" for this purpose.) On x86-64 and Itanium platforms there is just one possible hal.dll for each CPU architecture. Among the criteria for this selection are: the presence of an ACPI-compatible BIOS, the presence of an APIC, and whether or not multiple processors are present and enabled. The Windows installation procedure determines which ones are appropriate for the current platform and copies it to the hard drive, renaming it to hal.dll if necessary. On x86 systems prior to Windows 8, there are several different HAL files on the installation media. The HAL implements the operations appropriately for each platform, so the same driver executable file can be used on all platforms using the same CPU architecture, and the driver source file can be portable across all architectures. ![]() The drivers use HAL routines because different platforms may require different implementations of these operations. Kernel mode device drivers for devices on buses such as PCI and PCI Express directly call routines in the HAL to access I/O ports and registers of their devices. sys, a few core drivers are compiled into hal.dll. Although drivers for most hardware are contained in other files, commonly of file type. Instead, the HAL provides services primarily to the Windows executive and kernel and to kernel mode device drivers. The HAL is loaded into kernel address space and runs in kernel mode, so routines in the HAL cannot be called directly by applications, and no user mode APIs correspond directly to HAL routines. The HAL provides a single function for this purpose that works with all kinds of interrupts by various chipsets, so that other components need not be concerned with the differences. Other components in the operating system can then call these functions in the same way on all platforms, without regard for the actual implementation.įor example, responding to an interrupt is quite different on a machine with an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) than on one without. The HAL implements a number of functions that are implemented in different ways by different hardware platforms, which in this context, refers mostly to the chipset. The Windows Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) is implemented in hal.dll. ![]() HAL.DLL The Hardware Abstraction Layer in the architecture of Windows NT NTDLL.DLL is only used by some programs, but it is a dependency of most Win32 libraries used by programs. HAL.DLL is a kernel-mode library file and it cannot be used by any user-mode program. ![]() This article provides an overview of the core libraries that are included with every modern Windows installation, on top of which most Windows applications are built. The Microsoft Windows operating system supports a form of shared libraries known as " dynamic-link libraries", which are code libraries that can be used by multiple processes while only one copy is loaded into memory. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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